With the acceleration of technology development, enterprises must increase R&D investment to obtain competitive advantage. Well-designed corporate governance structure can reduce the agency cost, and may solve the problem of insufficient R&D investment. Taking 182 A-share listed companies in Chinese machinery industry as sample, this paper investigates the impact of board characteristics on firms’ R&D intensity. The results show that the CEO and board chair duality, the size of the board of directors, and the number of board meetings have no significant impacts on R&D intensity, while the proportion of independent directors and the shareholding proportion of the board of directors have significant positive impacts on R&D intensity.

The outbreak of COVID-19 affected all business and supply chain is no exception. The objective of this article is to provide new insights into how logistics service providers (LSPs) managed to maintain supply chain agility and what priority areas were adjusted to keep operations functional and maintain financial stability in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study acquired primary data through semi structured interviews with informants from selected worldwide LSPs, using data-gathering approaches from interpretive research. The findings of this study shed light on how LSPs dealt with the negative aspects of the COVID-19 outbreak and devised creative solutions to operational and financial issues. This study categorizes the LSPs' reactions and gives a framework from a managerial perspective. It is one of the first studies to specifically focus on the involvement of LSPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. This work analyses the strategic function of LSPs in supply chain management from a theoretical standpoint, and so adds to the present supply chain literature by focusing on LSP agility.

Indonesia has a strategic maritime area and is potentially helpful as capital in national development. Indonesia's seas strategic position and potential have many threats that interfere with Indonesia's defense. For this reason, an Indonesian marine defense system form places the Indonesian Navy in the function of defense at sea that upholds Indonesia's sovereignty at sea. In carrying out this task, the Indonesian Navy needs Indonesian Navy ships as an adequate defense system in maintaining naval defenses in Indonesia. In operating the Indonesian navy ships, logistical support for fuel oil is the primary raw material to run Indonesian naval vessels. If the management of fuel oil hampers, it will affect the ability of military operations at sea. This study aims to analyze the logistics management of fuel oil in maintaining Indonesian marine sovereignty. This study uses a qualitative method. The results showed that the Indonesian Navy carried out fuel oil management to support Indonesian marine sovereignty using six stages: fuel demand planning, supply, distribution, use and responsibility, administration, and removal.

Energy is an important aspect in supporting national defense. Without adequate energy, a country's defense will be weak. West Kalimantan is an Indonesian province located in the border area between Indonesia and Sarawak, Malaysia. In West Kalimantan, the majority of the people's energy needs come from fossil energy especially its electricity import from SESCO Sarawak, Malaysia. To meet the needs and achieve energy independence of the West Kalimantan Province, in the future the West Kalimantan Provincial Government plans to build Nuclear Power Plant to supply Industrial Estates to be built in West Kalimantan. West Kalimantan has Thorium (4,767) for Power Plant and it will be very beneficial for society, industry and defense. This study is qualitative in nature which aims to analyze Thorium Power Plant and regional policies in West Kalimantan for energy security and national defense. The result is that with the large potential for thorium, unfortunately, regional policies for Thorium Power Plant have not been taken seriously. Meanwhile, the perspective of the people of West Kalimantan is still quite sensitive to nuclear issues, so there is a need for massive socialization and balanced education about the benefits of Thorium Power Plant development.

The Arbitration and Conciliation Act Cap A18 LFN, 2004 did not define an award and as such the term has been given several definitions by different authors, scholars and commentators. An Arbitral Award is a decision of an Arbitral Tribunal delivered by the tribunal after its proceedings. The valid ingredients of a valid award are provided in section 26 of the Act which includes that the arbitral tribunal shall state the reasons for the award, the date on which the award was made, the place it was made, and it shall be written and signed by the arbitrators. The different types of awards are. Consent awards, final awards, interim awards, partial awards, interlocutory awards, self-executory awards, and additional awards. An award once it is rendered and published until it is set aside by a court of competent jurisdiction is final and binding on all the parties in the arbitration. The award shall be published to the parties alone. The award can only be made public with the consent of the parties to the arbitration agreement. This is because of the high level of confidentiality required in arbitration proceedings. The award must be final, conclusive, certain, and capable of enforcement.

The establishment, motivation and cooperation of employees at different levels of the organization are significantly related to employees‟ psychlogical Empowerment. Leaders set goals and incentives to elevate their subordinates to a higher level of performance. In order to identify the what has been done in business literature regarding employee pschological empoewrment this paper has been written which has covered the business literature over last two decades.

Based on contractual theories of the firm, this paper aims to verify whether there is a link between the characteristics of the board of directors (the presence of independent directors, the size of the board of directors,executive compensation)and performance. The latter, is measured from two perspectives: the financial and social performance. With an available sample of 50 family firms from the cities of Yaoundé, Douala and Bafoussam, the data were subject to descriptive statistics andmultiplelinearregressions. In general, our results showed that there is a positive link between the independentboard directors, the executive compensationand performance. But, the size of this board director is not critical.

The challenges and sustainability of hotel industry amidst the pandemic: a survival quest faces problem on economic gain wherein realizing it can be attainable when business and environment resume to normal and people are responsive and if there is a diversification strategy. Government must find ways and facilitate different employment options to answer the need of the growing unemployment rate during this pandemic times. There should be an agreement between the government and people to meet halfway and effective implementation on travel restriction as we faced the test of time during this pandemic. Flexible means of applying the quarantine protocol are needed giving places not severely hit by this pandemic to operate the business in full capacity in making the economy grow. Extending support to hotel business is needed for them to be able to restore their enthusiasm and focus more on strategic activity for economic recovery.

This study was conducted to determine the mediating effect of tourism policy and governance on the relationship between community-based ecotourism and sustainable development in Davao del Norte. This study employed a quantitative method and used stratified random sampling in selecting the 214 respondents of the study. Using a hybrid data collection, the survey was distributed face-to-face and online to various tourism-related stakeholders in Davao del Norte relevant to the study. The data was analyzed to determine whether the variables had a statistical relationship. Furthermore, community-based ecotourism (CBET) is strongly linked to and substantially impacts sustainable development, as CBET is the best alternative source of sustainable development. In addition, the study also revealed that CBET is significantly related to tourism policy and governance, emphasizing the system of procedures in place to assist tourism stakeholders. Moreover, tourism policy and governance are also significantly associated with sustainable development, as its frameworks will guide the tourism sector to achieve sustainable development. Finally, using the Sobel test, the mediation analysis yielded a z-value of -0.643197 with a p-value of 0.520096, which is not significant at the 0.05 level, indicating no significant mediation. Therefore, the study reveals that community-based ecotourism does not depend on the province's tourism policy and governance to achieve sustainable development.

The threat of the danger of spreading and abusing narcotics is one of the non-military threats in West Kalimantan that can cause harm to society and the state. This study aims to analyze the implementation of universal people's defense and security in an effort to prevent the spread and abuse of narcotics in West Kalimantan as a non-military threat. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive analytical approach. The results of this study are cooperation in the management of West Kalimantan human resources in an effort to prevent the spread and abuse of narcotics in West Kalimantan as a non-military threat which is carried out through, improving the quality of human resources by planning, organizing, mobilizing, and controlling which also involves the role of various agencies in Kalimantan. West. Coordination and communication are also carried out well between the BNNP of West Kalimantan with the TNI AD, Polri in carrying out joint patrols on a scheduled basis as one of the efforts to prevent the spread and abuse of narcotics in West Kalimantan.

The article is a bibliographic review of the role of green shipping in tackling air pollution, mainly in the greenhouse effect, with the use of new fuels, free of carbon impurities. Studies on the production and use of hydrogen, ammonia and natural gas as propulsion fuels for ships are reviewed, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these fuels. Finally, an overview of the economic issues that arise in the shipping industry, from the need to switch to ecological fuels and solutions are proposed to address it as well as possible investments for the utilization of the above fuels.

This study was conducted to determine the significant influence of job satisfaction to employee work engagement of millennial employees in the BPO companies in Davao Region, Philippines. The study used a quantitative non-experimental descriptive-correlation methodology with a simple random sample technique among 405 BPO millennial employees as respondents. Mean was used to measure the level of job satisfaction and employee work engagement while linear regression analysis was used in determining what domain of job satisfaction significantly influence employee work engagement of millennial employees in the BPO companies in Davao Region. As a result, job satisfaction was in moderate level while employee work engagement is in high level. It was also discovered that job satisfaction and employee work engagement of millennial employees in BPO organizations in the Davao Region have a low positive significant relationship. Furthermore, only the nature of work, promotion, communication, coworker, working conditions, and pay were found to be significant predictors of employee work engagement, whereas the others were not. Thus, to obtain a high degree of employee work engagement, it is recommended that job satisfaction be enhanced.

This paper builds upon Porter’s five forces industrial paradigm and investigated the influence of the industry characteristics on the financial performance of Philippine coffee manufacturing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Specifically, this paper aimed to (1) determine the degree of competitive rivalry, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of new entrants, and threat of substitutes in the Philippine coffee manufacturing industry, (2) assess the performance of the firms, and (3) determine if the industry characteristics influence the firms’ performance in terms of return on assets (ROA), profit margin, sales growth, and market share. Using a quantitative survey administered personally and online to 106 managers of coffee manufacturing firms in the Philippines, this paper made use of descriptive statistics, bootstrap method and regression analysis to answer the objectives. Findings of the study revealed that competitive rivalry was perceived to be very high while threat of potential entrants, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of suppliers, and bargaining power of buyers were high. Perceived performance of firms indicated that coffee manufacturing firms were performing better than the target or standards.Perceived industry characteristics by the firms, in general, were found to influence the firms’ performance.

Supply chain of production Panser Anoa 6x6 at PT Pindad (Persero) is a risk in every business process. The purpose of this study is to analyze and assess risk in the supply chain process of production Panser Anoa 6x6 and seek alternative risk mitigation alternatives prioritized. The purpose of this study is to analyze risks in the supply chain process of Panser Anoa 6x6 production and to rank the risks that were prioritized first. The approach used in this research is quasi-qualitative approach. The data and information obtained are mapped using the Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) model and analyzed using the House of Risk (HOR) model. In addition, the authors use the Pareto 80-20 principle to sort out the identified risk events and causes of risk. The total risks identified in this research were 15 risk events and 36 risk agents. The results of data processing are 4 significant causes of risk with a cumulative percentage of 23,84%. There are 8 mitigation strategies that can be used.

Governments and administrative units across the globe are facing increased demand from their citizens to offer better services and improve living standards. While this is plausible, the governments have to be alert in offering solutions to unprecedented challenges spanning from destitution, lack of resources, increased foreign debts, poor governance structures among others. Its near fallacy for governments to overlook any presenting spectrum which may affect effective service delivery to her citizens as this may dent a glim picture of operations. The county government of Kisumu, Kenya, has faced numerous challenges chief among them, the upshot of covid-19 pandemic and hawking practices, which have affected operations of small and medium enterprises as well as the informal sector. This consortium annuls the influence of covid-19pandemic and hawking in the County Government of Kisumu and offers models of ramifications to alleviate the ills.

This study aims to determine the effect of directors with foreign experience, executive character, institutional ownership and audit committee on tax avoidance with leverage as an intervening variable. The research method used is a quantitative method with time series data from 2017 to 2019. The population used in this study is all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017-2019. The method of collecting samples using purposive sampling method. The number of samples used as many as 36 companies. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression and path analysis. The results of the analysis show that in equation I, there is a direct effect of the variable director with overseas experience (DLN), executive character (KE) and leverage (DER) on Tax Avoidance. Meanwhile, the variables of executive character (KE) and institutional ownership (KI) do not have a direct influence on Tax Avoidance. In equation II, it is known that there is a direct effect of the variable of directors with overseas experience (DLN) and institutional ownership (KI) on leverage (DER), while the variables of executive character (KE) and the Auditor (A) do not have a direct influence on leverage. (DER).

PANDU (integrated rice and shrimp farming system) is the first research program in Indonesia with the application of rice mina in saline land. This program applies the only commodity of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) with INPARI 34 Salin Agritan and INPARI 35 Salin Agritan. The PANDU was implemented in the first period (2018) with shrimp production still low, i.e., an average of SR 12% due to biota infected with WSSV and stress due to pesticide effects application. This study aims to increase the value of productivity in the second period (2019) through the kaizen approach and fishbone analysis. The study lasted for three months (4 March-1 June 2019) at the Barru PANDU research site. The number of observation plots was two out of six fields. Some interventions are: improving the quality of human resources, improving water quality, improving feed management, replacing pesticides with biopesticide, and applying biosecurity. Parameters analyzed were: SR, FCR, ABW, SGR, length, and daily growth rate of shrimp, water quality: temperature, salinity, pH, alkalinity, DO, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and plankton. The results of implementing the intervention increase the average SR value in 2019 by 27.33% and the productivity value was increasing by IDR 4,571,500.00 from IDR 7,200,000.00 (2018) to IDR 11,771,550.00 (2019).

Indonesia is one of the world's largest emitters of greenhouse gases, hence its attempts to reduce carbon emissions are of worldwide interest. The IESR (Institute for Essential Services Reform) did a research on the best decarbonization scenario, in which hydrogen plays a larger role in Indonesia's energy system. However, we must first understand how green hydrogen technology may reach zero carbon emissions before applying it. Qualitative research methodologies are used with literature study approaches in this report.Green hydrogen generates steady, CO2-free electricity using renewable energy sources such as sun, wind, and water to electrolyze hydrogen from water, store it, and utilise it in fuel cells. Hydrogen, unlike fossil fuels, does not emit carbon dioxide. It use in an ecologically sustainable manner with reduced carbon emissions.

Research on the issue of food security in marine resources has been conducted, that is about the case study of marine debris. Indonesia is one of the largest maritime countries in the world. Indonesia's area is 7.81 million km2. At this time Indonesia is trying to optimize the role of the sea to support national development. The sea and all its resources play a role in supporting food security. Indonesia's challenge in realizing marine sustainability is hampered by marine debris. The escalation of marine debris will continue to increase along with increased urbanization, production, and consumption. This study uses qualitative methods, which examine marine debris in Indonesia and its effects. Every year Indonesia's oceans produce waste of 3.22 million tons. Then, the estimated leakage of marine plastic waste metrics is 0.48-1.29 million tons. Indonesia's marine debris is 41% dominated by plastic waste. Micro plastics endanger the lives of organisms. Plastic waste is very influential in the occurrence of climate change. Starting from the production process, consumption to disposal that produces high carbon emissions. Food security, sustainable marine sustainability, and climate change greatly affect human security. Therefore, Indonesia must optimize the role of the sea to support food security.

Research on the ability of Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) in realizing Net Zero Emission 2060 has been conducted. Indonesia commits to achieving Net Zero Emission (NZE) by 2060. This target is part of the implementation of Indonesia's commitment to the Paris Agreement. Indonesia must make an energy transition to achieve Net Zero Emissions. This research uses qualitative methods, namely collecting and analyzing secondary (exploratory) data. The research designs used in this study are phenomenology and case studies. The results showed that the nuclear power plant was able to bring Indonesia to NZE 2060. Nuclear power plants produce lower emissions than fossil fuel power plants. The contribution of nuclear power plants by 36.8% can reduce CO2 gas emissions by 55%. The contribution of nuclear power plants by 48.8% can reduce CO2 gas emissions by 73%. Then in terms of meeting Indonesia's energy needs, nuclear power plants can to provide national electricity needs up to 1,000 to 1,400 Mega Watts per unit.

develop a dynamic strategic environment, one of which is war. War is carried out if the enemy manages to enter, seize, and control all or part of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. Defense strategies in war need to be prepared. One of the logistics needed during the war was food logistics. Every region, including West Java, must have strong logistics in a war situation because when a war occurs, all people who focus on helping defense and other sectors such as food will be paralyzed. One type of staple food consumption is rice. Based on Central Bureau of Statistics Republic of Indonesia in 2020, the population in West Java is 48,274,162 people spread over 27 Regency/Municipality, and the total rice production is 5,180,201 tons. According to the regulation from the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia Number 28 of 2019 concerning the Recommended Nutritional Adequacy Rate for the Indonesian Society explained that the average Energy Adequacy Rate (AKE) for the Indonesian people is 2.100 kcal. This study aims to analyze the availability of rice food logistics and the ability of the West Java region to support the logistics needs of rice food in the event of a war in Indonesia. This study uses quantitative methods. The results showed that the daily requirement of rice per person is 125-157.5 grams or equivalent to 0.126-0.1575 kg. In support of the war, logistics readiness in the West Java region is 15 Regency/Municipality that are not ready, 2 Regency are ready but are within the consumption limit, and 10 Municipality are ready.

The paper explores the economic disempowerment of married female factory worker as a result of being a mother, a working woman, and a community affairs participant. Most of the time women are forced to sacrifice on their careers than men. They wrestle with their triple burden role as a woman. Moser (2003) argues that women's work is reproductive work, productive work, and community managing work. These roles prevent women from utilizing their full potential as a worker as they juggle their career with their other roles as a woman. It is imperative that women must be given voice, choice, and agency on what they want to do (Gascon, 2017). Women must not be caught up with their triple roles which hinder their freedom to make their own choices. The traditional roles of women hinder their freedom to have better life chances such as becoming a successful worker without having the threat of giving up such opportunity should the need arises just because she is the woman, the mother. The expectation of society that women can work but have to take care of family matters should be changed. Women must not be put into a situation where her career is compromised to put family first. It is about time that we find ways to eradicate this thinking of “because she is the woman.”

In supporting the minimum essential force (MEF) program, Indonesia tries to fulfill weapons by procuring weapons. Procurement of weapons carried out by Indonesia is not only from within the country, but also from abroad. Procurement of weapons in Indonesia is carried out by implementing the applicable provisions and regulations. the process of procuring defense weapons will always be influenced by external factors. The strategic environment in the procurement of weapons is an important factor in procurement. The aspects used are political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and law. The method used is descriptive qualitative.

The purpose of this research is to examine the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the link between financial hardship and financial success in primary consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2019-2020. This study's population primary consumer goods companies. Purposive judgment sampling was used in line with preset criteria, and a sample of 126 firms was collected. This research employs statistical analysis as well as regression analysis with moderating variables. According to the findings of this study, CSR has a favorable impact on the financial success of a companies. The company's financial performance suffers as a result of financial distress. Meanwhile, CSR cannot moderate the relationship between financial distress and the company's financial performance.

Innovation is one of the important factors that help businesses maintain and improve their competitive position,thereby promoting rapid and sustainable economic and social development, especially in an international competitive environment, which has been recognized by countries around the world, By qualitative and quantitative research methods, the article will clarify the current status of product and process innovation in textile and garment enterprises, thereby recommending solutions to improve policies to promote product and process innovation in Vietnam's textile and garment enterprises in line with the trend of digital transformation and the strong context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

PLBN Motaain is one of three cross-border posts built in East Nusa Tenggara Province which are useful not only to maintain the security of Indonesia's borders but also to improve the regional economy. The benefits of the Motaain PLBN include the benefits that trade costs have changed, namely becoming cheaper, the intensity of trade has increased, per capita income, has increased, and economic growth as a result of the development of the Motaain PLBN is very broad both on a micro, mezzo and macro scale. Motaain's PLBN must also be supported by strong and sustainable energy security. The energy security of an area must be supported by the adequate quality of human resources. With the quality of human resources in East Nusa Tenggara which is still low, it is necessary to improve through education reform so that the increase in energy security can be the fastest to encourage the regional economy.

Increasingly sophisticated technology, information and communication provide convenience for its users, but behind the convenience provided by this technology and communication it also has a negative impact, including the rise of cyber threats and attacks. The National Cyber Security Operations Center recorded as many as 423,244,053 attacks that occurred in Indonesia in 2020. To overcome these cyber attacks, professional human resources are needed. The formulation of the problem in this study focuses on how to plan human resources for the National Cyber and Crypto Agency to support national defense. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical research design. The results showed that the National Cyber and Crypto Agency carried out data collection to determine the current condition of the results of the analysis carried out by each work unit including job analysis and workload analysis. The National Cyber and Crypto Agency has prepared a strategic plan in accordance with the Regulation of the National Cyber and Crypto Agency No. 5 of 2020 concerning the Strategic Plan of the National Cyber and Crypto Agency for 2020-2024, one of the agendas is to increase quality and competitive human resources.

In today’s global market environment, a prerequisite for a corporation to align with apractice of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is to have a social contract with its key stakeholders such as society, government, groups, individuals, and other interested parties (Crowther & Aras, 2008). However, there is no agreed-upon definition of CSR, but it can be articulated as a concept whereby commercial and non-commercial entities incorporate social, economic, ecological, and sustainability concerns in their business operations, and that these entities interact ethically with their stakeholders on a voluntary footing (Hamidu, Haron,& Amran, 2015).Phillip Morris International (PMI) proclaims that its stance on CSR is strongly correlated with transparency, accountability, and sustainability (PMI, 2017). However, PMI is a corporation that promotes the production of harmful products for human enjoyment and is still seen by society as a controversial corporation (Cohen, 2007). Despite its good intentions, as long as PMI promotes the production of harmful products for consumers, their CSR proclamations will be addressed with skepticism.

In a context of openness accustomed to a strong involvement of civil society in the decision-making process of public affairs, any action emanating from the State will be badly perceived and considered as an interference, an abuse of power and finally, a return to an authoritarian State system omnipresent in the socio-economic sphere which stifles all initiatives. It is in this context that the reaction of the Olympic and sports movement (O.S.M.) to the appointment by the ministry in charge of sport of civil servants in place of an elected federal office in the management of a given sport discipline must be appreciated. Although their field of intervention is regulated and limited in time and space, it nevertheless continues to provoke strong reactions, indignation and often protests for this interference in a field that is used to being managed by the sports and Olympic movement. Thus, a power struggle emerges between the State interested in getting its hands on a domain deemed sensitive with important socio-economic and political ramifications and on the other hand the M.S.O. which seeks, by all means at its disposal, to preserve the autonomy of the management of sports affairs from any state or other interference. This article raises questions relating to the concept of power within organizations, the management of conflicts between the MOS and the state, the reasons justifying the intervention of the latter and the instruments used by the state to ensure the perpetuation of control over the sports domain. It will be a question of analysing the course of the provisional committees, as a means of direct intervention by the state, during the period 1979-2020, using, as methodological tools, the analysis of official documentation, interviews with sports officials and the author's actual participation in the management of some of these committees.

This study uses a quasi-qualitative approach. The supply chain in the SS2 weapon raw material procurement process is essential in SS2 weapon production activities. Failure to manage the procurement process will hurt production activities. This impact is caused by the risks that arise from the lack of supervision in collecting the raw material procurement process. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the risks that occur in the supply chain for the procurement of raw material for SS2 weapons at PT Pindad (Persero) and identify risk mitigation by proposing preventive actions in dealing with risks. The method used is the House of Risk (HOR) and the Pareto 80:20 principle to identify risks and determine the priority risk agents who will be given risk management. The real risks identified in this study were 17 risk events and 27 risk agents. Based on the data processing results, six priority risk agents have the highest ARP value, namely the total cumulative ARP percentage of 49.43%. The handling of these risk agents is carried out by providing 14 proposed preventive actions to reduce the impact of risk agents that occur in the procurement of raw material for SS2 weapons.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in supporting Indonesia's economic growth. One of the success factors for SMEs is the accurate calculation of the cost of product. This study aimed to apply the Time-Driven Activity Based Costing (TDABC) method in calculating the cost of convection products of "XYZ", a small-medium enterprise (SME) located on Jl. Raya Ragunan, Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta, Indonesia. The data obtained and processed were the data for one year, which included data on sales, costs, number of employees, operating hours and various activities required to support the production and sales activities. The results showed that TDABC could be applied to MSME "XYZ", could accurately and comprehensively calculate the cost of revenue of each type of product (cost to make and sell). The application of TDABC also allowed MSME "XYZ" to gain insights into the effectiveness of the working time of its employees.

The continuous and uncontrolled emission of gaseous gases worldwide and across borders between the Member States of the European Union, has led to serious environmental issues, which are related to the depletion of ozone (O3) in the atmosphere, the occurrence and enhancement of the greenhouse effect (GHG), the global warming, the acid rain, the smog and other phenomena, adverse to the environment, public health, economic and social activity of countries. The European Union has already adopted Directive (EU) 2016/802, concerning the maritime sector that we will be addressed in this paper, on reducing sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from ships. The latter has been incorporated in the Greek legislation with the no.: 128/2016 Joint Ministerial Decision (Government Gazette B '3958). The ever-increasing need to good’s transportation, increases the need to create a larger merchant fleet in order to increase global capacity. At the same time, the need for the use of fuels as ship’s energy sources, is increasing. Fuels that will be used both for the ship’s propulsion and to meet secondary needs, such as the production of electricity and the movement of ship’s auxiliary engines, it is necessary to be create in order to meet the global merchant fleet’s needs in energy. This increase has the effect of increasing the emissions of gases that are dangerous for the environment and those responsible for a large percentage of global warming and the greenhouse effect. In this paper, the use of hydrogen (H2) as a marine engines’ fuel is analyzed and not only. The production of green hydrogen from renewable energy sources is studied and economic factors arising from the production and use of this fuel are analyzed.

According to Law no. 3 of 2002, its implementation is divided into three components, namely: main components, spare components, and supporting components that are carried out in an integrated manner with the national defense policy. Education is an important part as a component that composes and supports the progress of a nation which is supported by human resources. Equity in Education is a solution to realize quality education so that it impacts the quality of Indonesian human resources who are competent, characterized, competitive and superior. The purpose of this journal is to describe GeoInt supporting Education in Indonesia. This journal uses a qualitative approach with literature review methods, taken from current cases and references from various sources (such as journals, books, articles and others) then taken a summary of the source that is used as one so that it becomes a reference as a research foundation. This journal uses a qualitative approach with literature review methods, taken from current cases and references from various sources (such as journals, books, articles and others) then taken a summary of the source that is used as one so that it becomes a reference as a research foundation. This is an overall depiction of the focus topic of the discussion or theme that will be studied from a theoretical and contextual point of view. The solution to the various problems that have been discussed is to use the GeoInt method. The GeoInt method can help stakeholders develop Education in remote areas, starting from funding providing facilities to educators considering that Indonesia is an Archipelago country consisting of thousands of islands. So it is hoped that Education in Indonesia will produce quality successors for the nation from every region in Indonesia.

Quantum technology is one of the new and advanced technologies to support national defense. Therefore, we ask a research question: what are the forms of applying quantum technology to help national defense and security in the future? For this reason, we use a literature study to answer this research question so that the desired results are obtained. From the research conducted, there are various benefits derived from applying quantum technology to support national defense and security. Including detecting hidden enemy forces, supporting operations in an environment with decreased GPS, protecting highly classified data from enemy attacks, and various other benefits that did not obtain from previous technologies. Thus, a country needs to study and develop quantum technology to support national defense and security in the future. Given the growing development of technology, the threats posed are increasingly varied.

To deal with the threat of hybrid warfare requires good strategy and capability. One of the support capabilities needed is the role of intelligence. It is time for intelligence to look outwards and have an international outlook, to build a strong international network, in line with adopting advances in the world of intelligence and all its supporting tools. The State Intelligence Agency is the main kitchen of a government life that must be strong and successful in carrying out its programs, with great support from the people. Intelligence is the bridge that unites government and people, requiring powerful human beings who are loyal, intelligent, broad-minded, patriotic, who are willing to work tirelessly in silence. This research uses library review methods including reviewing previous references, including books and other research findings, to develop a theoretical foundation for the research subject.

The objective is to design a methodology for the improvement of the technique in the first phase of the 100m flat race in juvenile sprinters; Materials and Methods; quantitative and qualitative approach, documentary analysis, non-participatory scientific observation, survey, interview, expert and user criteria, methodological triangulation as a procedure for the recruitment of information, from different methods, techniques for biomechanical analysis, statistical methods and/or mathematical processing, frequency, mean and variability coefficient, and non-parametric Wilcoxon test; Results: the design of a methodology was achieved which, with its implementation, allowed for the improvement of the first phase of the 100m flat race of the juvenile runners; Discussion, which allows for the existence of an improvement in the improvement of the technique of the first phase of the 100m flat race of the athletes studied; Conclusions, the implementation of the methodology allowed for the improvement of the technique of the first phase of the 100m flat race for juvenile sprinters, in accordance with the spatial kinematic characteristics that model it and the characteristics of the competitive activity of this test.

In the discourse on defense, especially in the context of military defense, defense readiness and defense independence are two topics that become a matter of contention for policy makers, with significant political implications if they are not considered. Defense readiness is the availability of the elements needed in a defense effort, both human and equipment and supplies as well as other supports, as well as the ease of deploying these elements. Meanwhile, independence is understood as how capable a country is to carry out these elements by itself using all the resources owned by the country. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the condition of a country and the defense industry model that is built and implemented. The research conducted this time can be understood as a qualitative literature study. The data collection method used in this study consists of several methods aimed at retrieving as much data as possible. The data collection method used in this survey is a document survey. The conclusions drawn from the research conducted are that the social aspects of the country's strategic environment may influence the relationship between the organizational structure of the country's defense industry and its networks and subsystems, as well as the relationship with the contextual history of a country.

Geospatial intelligence is carried out to get a clear and real picture of a location so that it can be used for extracting agricultural information. The agricultural sector has a characteristic that it has a specific location and a certain area for activities, because agricultural activities require a land. This research was conducted with the method of literature study and descriptive analysis. The researcher aims to convey that geospatial intelligence can be used as a good tool to create policies in the agricultural sector. The role of geospatial intelligence (geoint) in agriculture and food can be included in the estimation of rice production. Production estimation using geoint is carried out with remote sensing data sources in the form of satellite images. Remote sensing images record spectral reflections from the earth's surface, so if the earth's surface is recorded as agricultural land, the spectral patterns of growing agricultural crops will also be recorded. Geoint can play an important role in agriculture, specifically the process of estimating rice production.

The phenomenon of underwater drones crossing national borders may be something that is hot to discuss, this is based on the discovery of an underwater drone belonging to China by fishermen near the island of Selayar. This incident suddenly caused a stir in the community because the function of the drone itself is usually to find and record information, activities and events as well as for reconnaissance functions. The phenomenon of the discovery of foreign-owned underwater drones has not only happened once or twice, but has been found several times in Indonesian waters in recent years. So, is the phenomenon of underwater drones crossing the Indonesian border that can interfere and become a threat to the national defence system? With a qualitative research approach that uses the case study method, it is hoped that later it can produce an answer to these problems. This study uses a threat theory approach and a state defence system to be able to find out whether underwater drones are really a real threat and can disrupt the national defence system. The results of this study are that underwater drones can become a threat and disrupt the national defence system if the drone crosses national borders (enters the territory of the Indonesian state) without permission. The threat of underwater drones crossing Indonesia's maritime boundaries can be a threat because of the work of the drones themselves that can be used to spy and transmit data in real time to the control centre.

‘JUPITER’ sugars India LTD was founded in 1941 in southern India as a private sugar factory. Later it enhanced its production from 1000 TCD to 8500 TCD in the year 1962. It was amalgamating many subunits and multi locational products into its main unit. The company has focused its attention on various projects and substantial resources. Subsequently, they have decided to organize the company into two units one in southern India and one in northern India. Sugar industry is one of the most important agro-based industries in India and is extremely accountable for creating a major impact on rural economy in particular and the country's economy in broad-spectrum. Sugar has been yield in the Indian subcontinent since ancient times and then it spread to other parts of the world1. Sugarcane is a native of tropical Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Sugar industry ranks second amongst major agro-based industries in India. In India, sugarcane is planted thrice a year in October, March and July depending on part of the country. The majority of the sugar production in India takes at local Cooperative Sugar mills2. After Independence, India made serious plans for overall industrial development of sugar industry3. The Indian sugar industry is independent in its energy needs and further makes additional exportable power through cogeneration. The different byproducts of sugar industry likewise add to the economic development of the nation to advancing various additional industries. Sugarcane has developed as a multi-product crop utilized as an essential raw material for the manufacture of sugar, ethanol, paper, electricity and besides a cogeneration of subsidiary product. The taking care of dairy cattle of sugarcane is a significant source of bio-vitality and more demand in rural areas. Molasses is an essential sustain stock for distilleries. The ethanol necessity of the nation is going up progressively.