With the acceleration of technology development, enterprises must increase R&D investment to obtain competitive advantage. Well-designed corporate governance structure can reduce the agency cost, and may solve the problem of insufficient R&D investment. Taking 182 A-share listed companies in Chinese machinery industry as sample, this paper investigates the impact of board characteristics on firms’ R&D intensity. The results show that the CEO and board chair duality, the size of the board of directors, and the number of board meetings have no significant impacts on R&D intensity, while the proportion of independent directors and the shareholding proportion of the board of directors have significant positive impacts on R&D intensity.

The outbreak of COVID-19 affected all business and supply chain is no exception. The objective of this article is to provide new insights into how logistics service providers (LSPs) managed to maintain supply chain agility and what priority areas were adjusted to keep operations functional and maintain financial stability in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study acquired primary data through semi structured interviews with informants from selected worldwide LSPs, using data-gathering approaches from interpretive research. The findings of this study shed light on how LSPs dealt with the negative aspects of the COVID-19 outbreak and devised creative solutions to operational and financial issues. This study categorizes the LSPs' reactions and gives a framework from a managerial perspective. It is one of the first studies to specifically focus on the involvement of LSPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. This work analyses the strategic function of LSPs in supply chain management from a theoretical standpoint, and so adds to the present supply chain literature by focusing on LSP agility.

Indonesia has a strategic maritime area and is potentially helpful as capital in national development. Indonesia's seas strategic position and potential have many threats that interfere with Indonesia's defense. For this reason, an Indonesian marine defense system form places the Indonesian Navy in the function of defense at sea that upholds Indonesia's sovereignty at sea. In carrying out this task, the Indonesian Navy needs Indonesian Navy ships as an adequate defense system in maintaining naval defenses in Indonesia. In operating the Indonesian navy ships, logistical support for fuel oil is the primary raw material to run Indonesian naval vessels. If the management of fuel oil hampers, it will affect the ability of military operations at sea. This study aims to analyze the logistics management of fuel oil in maintaining Indonesian marine sovereignty. This study uses a qualitative method. The results showed that the Indonesian Navy carried out fuel oil management to support Indonesian marine sovereignty using six stages: fuel demand planning, supply, distribution, use and responsibility, administration, and removal.

Energy is an important aspect in supporting national defense. Without adequate energy, a country's defense will be weak. West Kalimantan is an Indonesian province located in the border area between Indonesia and Sarawak, Malaysia. In West Kalimantan, the majority of the people's energy needs come from fossil energy especially its electricity import from SESCO Sarawak, Malaysia. To meet the needs and achieve energy independence of the West Kalimantan Province, in the future the West Kalimantan Provincial Government plans to build Nuclear Power Plant to supply Industrial Estates to be built in West Kalimantan. West Kalimantan has Thorium (4,767) for Power Plant and it will be very beneficial for society, industry and defense. This study is qualitative in nature which aims to analyze Thorium Power Plant and regional policies in West Kalimantan for energy security and national defense. The result is that with the large potential for thorium, unfortunately, regional policies for Thorium Power Plant have not been taken seriously. Meanwhile, the perspective of the people of West Kalimantan is still quite sensitive to nuclear issues, so there is a need for massive socialization and balanced education about the benefits of Thorium Power Plant development.

The Arbitration and Conciliation Act Cap A18 LFN, 2004 did not define an award and as such the term has been given several definitions by different authors, scholars and commentators. An Arbitral Award is a decision of an Arbitral Tribunal delivered by the tribunal after its proceedings. The valid ingredients of a valid award are provided in section 26 of the Act which includes that the arbitral tribunal shall state the reasons for the award, the date on which the award was made, the place it was made, and it shall be written and signed by the arbitrators. The different types of awards are. Consent awards, final awards, interim awards, partial awards, interlocutory awards, self-executory awards, and additional awards. An award once it is rendered and published until it is set aside by a court of competent jurisdiction is final and binding on all the parties in the arbitration. The award shall be published to the parties alone. The award can only be made public with the consent of the parties to the arbitration agreement. This is because of the high level of confidentiality required in arbitration proceedings. The award must be final, conclusive, certain, and capable of enforcement.

The establishment, motivation and cooperation of employees at different levels of the organization are significantly related to employees‟ psychlogical Empowerment. Leaders set goals and incentives to elevate their subordinates to a higher level of performance. In order to identify the what has been done in business literature regarding employee pschological empoewrment this paper has been written which has covered the business literature over last two decades.

Based on contractual theories of the firm, this paper aims to verify whether there is a link between the characteristics of the board of directors (the presence of independent directors, the size of the board of directors,executive compensation)and performance. The latter, is measured from two perspectives: the financial and social performance. With an available sample of 50 family firms from the cities of Yaoundé, Douala and Bafoussam, the data were subject to descriptive statistics andmultiplelinearregressions. In general, our results showed that there is a positive link between the independentboard directors, the executive compensationand performance. But, the size of this board director is not critical.

The challenges and sustainability of hotel industry amidst the pandemic: a survival quest faces problem on economic gain wherein realizing it can be attainable when business and environment resume to normal and people are responsive and if there is a diversification strategy. Government must find ways and facilitate different employment options to answer the need of the growing unemployment rate during this pandemic times. There should be an agreement between the government and people to meet halfway and effective implementation on travel restriction as we faced the test of time during this pandemic. Flexible means of applying the quarantine protocol are needed giving places not severely hit by this pandemic to operate the business in full capacity in making the economy grow. Extending support to hotel business is needed for them to be able to restore their enthusiasm and focus more on strategic activity for economic recovery.

This study was conducted to determine the mediating effect of tourism policy and governance on the relationship between community-based ecotourism and sustainable development in Davao del Norte. This study employed a quantitative method and used stratified random sampling in selecting the 214 respondents of the study. Using a hybrid data collection, the survey was distributed face-to-face and online to various tourism-related stakeholders in Davao del Norte relevant to the study. The data was analyzed to determine whether the variables had a statistical relationship. Furthermore, community-based ecotourism (CBET) is strongly linked to and substantially impacts sustainable development, as CBET is the best alternative source of sustainable development. In addition, the study also revealed that CBET is significantly related to tourism policy and governance, emphasizing the system of procedures in place to assist tourism stakeholders. Moreover, tourism policy and governance are also significantly associated with sustainable development, as its frameworks will guide the tourism sector to achieve sustainable development. Finally, using the Sobel test, the mediation analysis yielded a z-value of -0.643197 with a p-value of 0.520096, which is not significant at the 0.05 level, indicating no significant mediation. Therefore, the study reveals that community-based ecotourism does not depend on the province's tourism policy and governance to achieve sustainable development.

The threat of the danger of spreading and abusing narcotics is one of the non-military threats in West Kalimantan that can cause harm to society and the state. This study aims to analyze the implementation of universal people's defense and security in an effort to prevent the spread and abuse of narcotics in West Kalimantan as a non-military threat. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive analytical approach. The results of this study are cooperation in the management of West Kalimantan human resources in an effort to prevent the spread and abuse of narcotics in West Kalimantan as a non-military threat which is carried out through, improving the quality of human resources by planning, organizing, mobilizing, and controlling which also involves the role of various agencies in Kalimantan. West. Coordination and communication are also carried out well between the BNNP of West Kalimantan with the TNI AD, Polri in carrying out joint patrols on a scheduled basis as one of the efforts to prevent the spread and abuse of narcotics in West Kalimantan.